Deppmann Lab
Our Research
We study the signals that decide which neurons survive, how they wire into circuits, and how their axons come apart in injury and disease. Some of the same signals shape pain, and our newest work follows the brain circuits that control eating, including the ones new weight-loss drugs act on.
Neural Circuit Assembly & Competition
During nervous system development, neurons are produced in excess and must compete for limited amounts of target-derived neurotrophic factors like NGF to survive. This competition sculpts the final architecture of neural circuits.
We study the balance between RTK-mediated protective ("reward") signaling and TNFR-mediated punishment ("death") signaling that determines which neurons survive and which are eliminated. This work has revealed a molecular tug-of-war at the axon terminal that governs life-and-death decisions.
Identified Coronin-1 as a critical regulator of retrograde NGF survival signaling, demonstrating that endosomal trafficking is essential for translating local axon signals into cell body survival responses.
Key Publications
- 2014 Suo D et al. — Coronin-1 is a neurotrophin endosomal effector that is required for developmental competition for survival. Nature Neuroscience
- 2014 Wheeler M et al. — TNFα/TNFR1 signaling is required for the development and function of primary nociceptors. Neuron
- 2008 Deppmann CD, Mihalas S et al. — A model for neuronal competition during development. Science
- Neurons compete for the limited NGF that a target cell releases.
- The winner's NGF signal travels home in a Coronin-1 endosome, and the winner makes BDNF and NT-4 that reach the loser's p75NTR.
- The winner survives. The loser, with weak NGF signaling, is eliminated.
Related Publications
- 2026
- 2026 A single-cell signaling atlas of spinal cord BDNF responses reveals determinants beyond receptor expressioneLifeDOI ↗
- 2025 A single-cell mass cytometry-based atlas of the developing mouse brainNature NeuroscienceDOI ↗
- 2025 Extrinsic apoptosis and necroptosis in telencephalic development: a single-cell mass cytometry studyCell Death & DifferentiationPubMed ↗
- 2025 BDNF receptor balance gates AgRP-to-PVH fiber density and stimulation evoked feeding across caloric statesbioRxivPubMed ↗
- 2023 Sympathetic neurons secrete retrogradely transported TrkA on extracellular vesiclesScientific ReportsDOI ↗
- 2023 Leptin receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus input to the circadian feeding networkScience AdvancesDOI ↗
- 2023 The good, the bald, and the hairy: a mechanosensor meets its fate at the targetDevelopmental Cell (Preview)DOI ↗
- 2020 Molecular dissection of TNFR-TNFα bidirectional signaling reveals cooperative and antagonistic interactions with p75 in axon patterningMolecular and Cellular NeurosciencePubMed ↗
- 2020 Dopamine signaling in the suprachiasmatic nucleus enables weight gain associated with hedonic feedingCurrent BiologyPubMed ↗
- 2017 Delineating neurotrophin-3 dependent signaling pathways underlying sympathetic axon growth along intermediate targetsMolecular and Cellular NeurosciencePubMed ↗
- 2017 Differential sympathetic outflow to adipose depots is required for visceral fat loss in response to calorie restrictionNutrition & DiabetesPubMed ↗
- 2016
- 2015 Coronin-1 and calcium signaling governs sympathetic final target innervationJournal of NeurosciencePubMed ↗
- 2014 Coronin-1 is a neurotrophin endosomal effector that is required for developmental competition for survivalNature NeurosciencePubMed ↗
- 2010
- 2008
Long-Distance Endosome & EV Signaling
Neurons can extend axons over long distances — sometimes exceeding a meter in length. How do survival signals generated at the axon terminal travel back to the cell body to influence gene expression?
Our lab studies signaling endosomes, membrane-bound compartments that carry activated receptors retrogradely along axons, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) that serve as intercellular messengers between neurons and glia.
Discovered that sympathetic neurons secrete retrogradely transported TrkA on extracellular vesicles, revealing a new mechanism for intercellular neurotrophic communication.
Explore our BDNF Signaling Atlas — an interactive view of how 20 cell types respond to BDNF, based on Sewell et al. (2026) in eLife.
Key Publications
- 2023 Mason AJ et al. — Sympathetic neurons secrete retrogradely transported TrkA on extracellular vesicles. Scientific Reports
- 2018 Barford K et al. — Transcytosis of TrkA leads to diversification of dendritic signaling endosomes. Scientific Reports
- 2015 Suo D et al. — Coronin-1 and calcium signaling governs sympathetic final target innervation. Journal of Neuroscience
- NGF binds TrkA at the axon terminal.
- A signaling endosome carries the news home.
- At the cell body the signal supports survival, and some TrkA is packaged into extracellular vesicles and secreted.
Related Publications
- 2026 A single-cell signaling atlas of spinal cord BDNF responses reveals determinants beyond receptor expressioneLifeDOI ↗
- 2026 Compartment-specific transcriptome of motor neurons reveals impaired extracellular matrix signaling and activated cell cycle kinases in FUS-ALSNeurobiology of DiseaseDOI ↗
- 2025 Characterizing microglial signaling dynamics during inflammation using single-cell mass cytometryGliaDOI ↗
- 2025 BDNF receptor balance gates AgRP-to-PVH fiber density and stimulation evoked feeding across caloric statesbioRxivPubMed ↗
- 2024 Stress-induced mucin 13 reductions drive intestinal microbiome shifts and despair behaviorsBrain, Behavior, and ImmunityDOI ↗
- 2023 Sympathetic neurons secrete retrogradely transported TrkA on extracellular vesiclesScientific ReportsDOI ↗
- 2023 Role of the caspase-8/RIPK3 axis in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and amyloid-beta-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activationJCI InsightDOI ↗
- 2020 The p75 neurotrophin receptor in AgRP neurons is necessary for homeostatic feeding and food anticipationeLifePubMed ↗
- 2020 Molecular dissection of TNFR-TNFα bidirectional signaling reveals cooperative and antagonistic interactions with p75 in axon patterningMolecular and Cellular NeurosciencePubMed ↗
- 2019 p75NTR and DR6 regulate distinct phases of axon degeneration demarcated by spheroid ruptureJournal of NeurosciencePubMed ↗
- 2018 Transcytosis of TrkA leads to diversification of dendritic signaling endosomesScientific ReportsPubMed ↗
- 2018 Temporally restricted death and the role of p75NTR as a survival receptor in the developing sensory nervous systemDevelopmental NeurobiologyPubMed ↗
- 2017 Delineating neurotrophin-3 dependent signaling pathways underlying sympathetic axon growth along intermediate targetsMolecular and Cellular NeurosciencePubMed ↗
- 2017 TNFα/TNFR2 signaling is required for glial ensheathment at the dorsal root entry zonePLOS GeneticsPubMed ↗
- 2015 Coronin-1 and calcium signaling governs sympathetic final target innervationJournal of NeurosciencePubMed ↗
- 2014 TNFα/TNFR1 signaling is required for the development and function of primary nociceptorsNeuronPubMed ↗
- 2014 Coronin-1 is a neurotrophin endosomal effector that is required for developmental competition for survivalNature NeurosciencePubMed ↗
- 2010
Axon Degeneration & Neurodegeneration
The same molecular machinery that prunes axons during normal development is reactivated in neurodegenerative disease. If we learn how that machinery is switched on during development, we may be able to switch it off in disease.
We investigate the roles of SARM1 and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in axon self-destruction. Our work connects developmental pruning mechanisms to the axon loss seen in ALS, Alzheimer's, and peripheral neuropathies.
Key Publications
- 2025 Shi J et al. — Extrinsic apoptosis and necroptosis in telencephalic development: a single-cell mass cytometry study. Cell Death & Differentiation
- 2019 Yong Y, Gamage K et al. — p75NTR and DR6 regulate distinct phases of axon degeneration demarcated by spheroid rupture. Journal of Neuroscience
- 2017 Gamage KK et al. — Death receptor 6 promotes Wallerian degeneration in peripheral axons. Current Biology
- After NGF is withdrawn, the axon holds its shape at first.
- p75NTR signaling swells calcium-rich spheroids along the axon, and they rupture.
- DR6 is then needed for the axon to break down all at once.
Related Publications
- 2026 Compartment-specific transcriptome of motor neurons reveals impaired extracellular matrix signaling and activated cell cycle kinases in FUS-ALSNeurobiology of DiseaseDOI ↗
- 2025 Characterizing microglial signaling dynamics during inflammation using single-cell mass cytometryGliaDOI ↗
- 2025 Extrinsic apoptosis and necroptosis in telencephalic development: a single-cell mass cytometry studyCell Death & DifferentiationPubMed ↗
- 2025 Axonal spheroids are regulated by Schwann cells after peripheral nerve injuryGlial Health ResearchDOI ↗
- 2024 Sarm1-dependent metabolic reprogramming of Schwann cells following nerve injurybioRxiv (preprint)DOI ↗
- 2023 Role of the caspase-8/RIPK3 axis in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and amyloid-beta-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activationJCI InsightDOI ↗
- 2021 Global and regional damages in retinal ganglion cell axon bundles monitored non-invasively by visible-light OCT fibergraphyJournal of NeuroscienceDOI ↗
- 2020
- 2020 CRMP4 facilitates Wallerian degeneration and axon regeneration following sciatic nerve injuryeNeuroDOI ↗
- 2019 p75NTR and DR6 regulate distinct phases of axon degeneration demarcated by spheroid ruptureJournal of NeurosciencePubMed ↗
- 2018 Temporally restricted death and the role of p75NTR as a survival receptor in the developing sensory nervous systemDevelopmental NeurobiologyPubMed ↗
- 2017
Adaptive Metabolism & Weight-Loss Drug Mechanisms
Our newest direction asks how the brain decides when to eat and how much energy to burn, and how the new generation of weight-loss drugs changes those decisions.
In collaboration with Ali Güler's lab, we investigate how the brain regulates feeding and energy balance. We study neurotrophic factor signaling in hypothalamic circuits, p75NTR's role in feeding behavior, and how caloric restriction reshapes sympathetic outflow to adipose tissue.
We also investigate how neurons undergo metabolic reprogramming after development is complete, adapting their energy usage for the demands of adult function.
With Ali Güler's lab, we mapped a central amygdala circuit through which next-generation GLP-1 drugs suppress hedonic feeding in mice, separate from the pathway that controls hunger (Nature, 2026). Earlier, we showed that the p75 neurotrophin receptor in AgRP neurons is needed for homeostatic feeding and food anticipation (eLife, 2020).
Key Publications
- 2026 Godschall EN et al. — A brain reward circuit inhibited by next-generation weight-loss drugs in mice. Nature
- 2020 Podyma B et al. — The p75 neurotrophin receptor in AgRP neurons is necessary for homeostatic feeding and food anticipation. eLife
Related Publications
- 2026
- 2025 BDNF receptor balance gates AgRP-to-PVH fiber density and stimulation evoked feeding across caloric statesbioRxivPubMed ↗
- 2023 Leptin receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus input to the circadian feeding networkScience AdvancesDOI ↗
- 2020 The p75 neurotrophin receptor in AgRP neurons is necessary for homeostatic feeding and food anticipationeLifePubMed ↗
- 2020 Dopamine signaling in the suprachiasmatic nucleus enables weight gain associated with hedonic feedingCurrent BiologyPubMed ↗
- 2017 Differential sympathetic outflow to adipose depots is required for visceral fat loss in response to calorie restrictionNutrition & DiabetesPubMed ↗
Sensory Neuroscience & Pain
The signals that build the nervous system keep running after it is built, tuning how we feel touch and pain for the rest of life.
We investigate how TNFR superfamily signaling modulates the functional properties of nociceptors (pain-sensing neurons). This work bridges developmental neuroscience with clinical pain research, revealing how early molecular decisions influence adult sensory perception.
Showed that TNF receptor signaling during development shapes nociceptor properties into adulthood, a developmental origin for differences in pain sensitivity.
Walk the sensory atlas from Keeler et al. (2022) as a 3D Waddington landscape: 21 neuronal and glial outcomes, the proteins that define each one, and their routes back to a neural crest progenitor.
Explore in 3D →Key Publications
- 2022 Keeler AB et al. — A developmental atlas of somatosensory diversification and maturation in the dorsal root ganglia by single-cell mass cytometry. Nature Neuroscience
- 2018 Cheng I et al. — Temporally restricted death and the role of p75NTR as a survival receptor in the developing sensory nervous system. Developmental Neurobiology
- 2014 Wheeler M et al. — TNFα/TNFR1 signaling is required for the development and function of primary nociceptors. Neuron
- The dorsal root ganglion holds many kinds of sensory neuron.
- TNFα acting through TNFR1 tunes how pain-sensing neurons (nociceptors) respond to NGF.
- Nociceptors relay pain signals to the spinal cord, and mice lacking TNFR1 have lower pain thresholds.
Related Publications
- 2025 Axonal spheroids are regulated by Schwann cells after peripheral nerve injuryGlial Health ResearchDOI ↗
- 2024 Sarm1-dependent metabolic reprogramming of Schwann cells following nerve injurybioRxiv (preprint)DOI ↗
- 2023 The good, the bald, and the hairy: a mechanosensor meets its fate at the targetDevelopmental Cell (Preview)DOI ↗
- 2023 Sexual dimorphism in the dorsal root ganglia of neonatal mice identified by protein expression profiling with single-cell mass cytometryMolecular and Cellular NeuroscienceDOI ↗
- 2022 A developmental atlas of somatosensory diversification and maturation in the dorsal root ganglia by single-cell mass cytometryNature NeuroscienceDOI ↗
- 2020 CRMP4 facilitates Wallerian degeneration and axon regeneration following sciatic nerve injuryeNeuroDOI ↗
- 2018 Temporally restricted death and the role of p75NTR as a survival receptor in the developing sensory nervous systemDevelopmental NeurobiologyPubMed ↗
- 2017 TNFα/TNFR2 signaling is required for glial ensheathment at the dorsal root entry zonePLOS GeneticsPubMed ↗
- 2017
- 2014 TNFα/TNFR1 signaling is required for the development and function of primary nociceptorsNeuronPubMed ↗
Technology Development
Answering fundamental questions often requires building new tools. Our lab builds the ones that let us ask questions existing methods cannot answer.
We pioneered magnetogenetics, a technique that uses magnetic fields to activate TRPV4 channels and remotely control neuronal activity without implants or tethered hardware.
We also developed mass cytometry (CyTOF) approaches for single-cell protein profiling in the brain, enabling high-dimensional characterization of dozens of proteins in single neural and glial cells at once.
Developed a comprehensive developing mouse brain atlas using CyTOF and single-cell approaches, providing a foundational resource for the neuroscience community.
Explore the developing brain atlas from Van Deusen et al. (2025) as a 3D landscape: 26 modeled outcomes and profiles, their marker proteins, and a developmental-time scrubber from E11.5 to P4.
Explore in 3D →Key Publications
- 2025 Van Deusen AL et al. — A single-cell mass cytometry-based atlas of the developing mouse brain. Nature Neuroscience
- 2025 Kumar S et al. — Characterizing microglial signaling dynamics during inflammation using single-cell mass cytometry. Glia
- 2016 Wheeler MA et al. — Genetically targeted magnetic control of the nervous system. Nature Neuroscience
- A magnetic field opens the TRPV4-based Magneto channel in a neuron.
- Calcium flows in and the neuron fires, controlled from a distance.
- Mass cytometry (CyTOF) measures about 40 proteins in each brain cell, and the atlas fills in.
Related Publications
- 2026 A single-cell signaling atlas of spinal cord BDNF responses reveals determinants beyond receptor expressioneLifeDOI ↗
- 2026 Compartment-specific transcriptome of motor neurons reveals impaired extracellular matrix signaling and activated cell cycle kinases in FUS-ALSNeurobiology of DiseaseDOI ↗
- 2025 A single-cell mass cytometry-based atlas of the developing mouse brainNature NeuroscienceDOI ↗
- 2025 Characterizing microglial signaling dynamics during inflammation using single-cell mass cytometryGliaDOI ↗
- 2025 Extrinsic apoptosis and necroptosis in telencephalic development: a single-cell mass cytometry studyCell Death & DifferentiationPubMed ↗
- 2023 Sexual dimorphism in the dorsal root ganglia of neonatal mice identified by protein expression profiling with single-cell mass cytometryMolecular and Cellular NeuroscienceDOI ↗
- 2022 A developmental atlas of somatosensory diversification and maturation in the dorsal root ganglia by single-cell mass cytometryNature NeuroscienceDOI ↗
- 2021 Global and regional damages in retinal ganglion cell axon bundles monitored non-invasively by visible-light OCT fibergraphyJournal of NeuroscienceDOI ↗
- 2016
Working Together
Key Collaborators
Our work is strengthened by collaborations across institutions and disciplines.
Interested in Our Research?
We welcome curious scientists at all levels who want to tackle fundamental questions in neuroscience, cell biology, and metabolism.